Base pay
Determined by pay grade (E-1 through O-10) and years of service. The Department of Defense publishes annual pay charts. Base pay is taxable.
BAH and BAS
BAH (Basic Allowance for Housing) covers housing costs when not in government quarters. Amount depends on rank, dependents and ZIP code. BAS (Basic Allowance for Subsistence) is a flat monthly food allowance. Both are tax-free at the federal level and in most states.
Special pays
- Hazardous Duty Pay (paratrooper, demolition).
- Sea Pay.
- Flight Pay.
- Submarine Pay.
- Hostile Fire / Imminent Danger Pay.
- Family Separation Allowance.
Most special pays are taxable. Some (combat zone) are excluded.
Combat Zone Tax Exclusion (CZTE)
Pay earned while serving in a designated combat zone is excluded from federal income tax. Enlisted get full exclusion. Officers are capped at the maximum enlisted pay rate plus imminent danger pay. State exclusion varies.
Thrift Savings Plan (TSP)
The military and federal civilian 401(k)-equivalent. Traditional or Roth. Up to 5 percent government match under the Blended Retirement System.